“The tobacco smoke enema, an insufflation of tobacco smoke into the rectum by enema, was a medical treatment employed by European physicians for a range of ailments.

[…]

In the 1780s the Royal Humane Society installed resuscitation kits, including smoke enemas, at various points along the River Thames. By the turn of the 19th century, tobacco smoke enemas had become an established practice in Western medicine, considered by Humane Societies to be as important as artificial respiration.”