The scientists do,

Step 1: Build Model

Step 2: Think of implications

Step 3: Check if observations make sense based on implications

Step 4: If wrong, refine model or go back to Step 1. If right, submit to other people and ask them to verify.

The consultants do,

Step 1: Build model.

Step 2: Tell people this is the right model.

Think hard (time, money, resources)

Write down solution

Profit!